Cannabis Delivery Systems
Medical Marijuana (like any medication) needs to enter the blood system, before it can reach its target sites and cause its desired effects.
- Bioavailability can be defined as the degree to which a medication can be measured in the blood stream.
- Many factors impact bioavailability of a medication:
- its molecular size
- the extent to which it breakdown in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract
- its solubility (and thus its absorption) in the small intestine
- the degree to which "first pass metabolism" breaks it down in liver
- the gut health of the subject
- The delivery system (the way a substance gets to its target site) is a big factor in:
- Bioavailability
- How intense the effects are
- How long it takes for onset of effects
- How long the effects last
Delivery systems available for medical cannabis include:
inhalation (smoking or vaping), oral (sublingual or swallowed), topical and rectal suppositories.
- Intravenous (IV):
- 100% bioavailable, but not practical
- VERY few people (if any) utilize this delivery system.
- Inhalation (smoking or vaping):
- 34-46% bioavailable
- bypasses the (GI) tract and "first pass metabolism", which accounts for it high bioavailability
- The bioavailability of THC inhalation is reported to be as high as 56%.
- very little difference (if any) between bioavailability of vaping compared to smoking
-
Difficult to accurately measure because of smoking/vaping variables -
size and spacing of puffs, hold time, and volume of inhalation - Fastest acting delivery system
- when smoke or vapor enters the lungs it quickly passes directly into the bloodstream.
- Health risks
- Smoking
- Lingering second-hand smoke may be undesirable for family members.
- can cause bronchitis (does not cause emphasema, COPD or lung cancer)
- Vaping
- Only high quality, pure "vape oils" should be used (not infused oils).
- safety concerns with flavors and aromas in many vape pen cartirdges
- important temperatures pertaining to the vaping of dried buds:
- decarboxylation takes place at 240℉-250℉ (115.6℃-121.1℃)
- THC vaporizes at 315℉ (157.2℃)
- CBD vaporizes at 356℉ (180℃)
- most terpenes vaporize between 311℉ and 388℉ (155℃ and 197.8℃)
- combustion occurs at 450℉ (232.2℃)
- optimal vaporization temperature is between 320℉ and 410℉ (164.4℃ and 210℃)
- 360℉ (182.2℃) is probably best
- Oral consumption:
- Sublingual (under the tongue):
- 12-35% bioavailability (best oral delivery system)
- absorbed through the mucous membrane under the tongue. Capillaries in the connective tissue diffuse the substance, facilitating its entry into the bloodstream.
- bypasses the digestive system and liver "first pass metabolism". preserving more of the actives allowing them to enter the bloodstream faster
- can be delivered with tinctures, concentrates, lozenges, and sprays
- Swallowing:
- 4-20% bioavailability
- popular due to its ease of use
- must go through the gastrointestinal tract and then into the liver, where it suffers further breakdown ("first pass metabolism") reducing bioavailability.
- can take as long as two hours to enter the bloodstream, but has longer lasting effects
- A study (Huestis, 2009-published by the U.S. National Library of Medicine) suggests that swallowing with fatty acids may bypass the "first pass effect" and increase absorption rates.
- can be delivered with capsules, edibles, oils and tinctures
- Capsules:
- Popular amongst doctors and patients because:
- elimination of measurement mistakes with dosages
- easier and more convenient than using syringes to measure dose
- no sugar
- not cultivar or strain-specific
- Infused Oils:
- cannabis extracts that have been infused into an oil
- liquid at room temperature
- already "active" (decarboxylated)
- don't need to be heated or vaporized . . . just ingested.
- different from vape oil (shouldn't be smoked or vaped)
- will change the compounds and potency of the cannabinoids
- Tinctures (aka green or golden dragon):
- extracts dissolved in ethyl alcohol (ethanol)
- Solvent concentrations of 25-60% are common.
- 15-45 minutes onset, peak effects at about 90 minutes
- Edibles:
- 10% bioavailability
- Edible snacks are fun, but are a not very effective delivery system.
- they're a nutritional disaster containing lots of sugar and salt
- Plus, sugar and salt both act against hemp actives
- Liposomes and Micelles:
- Liposomes and Micelles are similar (but different) delivery systems that involve the encapsulation of a nutrient (the payload) with a lipid to improve its bioavailability.
- Liposomes contain a lipid bilayer (similar to the makeup of cell membranes).
- most often composed of phospholipids (especially phosphatidylcholine)
- have an aqueous core
- most suitable for a water soluble payload
-
normally a water soluble nutrient
- can enter the blood system easily
- has difficulty integrating with or passing through a cell membrane and into a cell
- theoretically, a liposome can facilitate the transport of its water soluble payload intact (through the digestive system) and then through the cell membrane of its target cell.
- Micelles contain a lipid monolayer
- improves water solubility of its payload
- theoretically delivers more payload to the blood stream, but not necessarily more to the target cell membrane or into the target cell
- The biggest drawback with both liposomes and micelles is stability.
- They have very short shelf lives and quickly degrade into emulsions.
- Manufacturers of both liposomal and mycelized medical marijuana products make many claims about how superior the bioavailability of their products are.
- They show impressive graphs, which supposedly demonstrate their superior bioavailability.
- None of these manufacturers was able to refer me to a single published clinical study to substantiate their product claims.
- I searched extensively on the pubmed website, but could not find ANY published studies to back up these claims.
- I don't know how they can even plot a graph with data that does not seem to exist.
- One product website shows a beautiful graph, but did not have any vertical "y"axis scale. When I inquired what the "y" axis scale was, I was told "its relative." Not exactly a professional response.
- Although liposomes and micelles may have some valid applications in pharmacology, I personally believe that those, who claim their liposomal and/or mycelized medical marijuana products have enhanced bioavailability, are just perpetrating a scam.
- Topical (application to the skin):
- Cannabis oils can be mixed with butters or other oils to create topicals, which can be applied to the skin.
- Topicals enter the skin and body tissues and allow for direct application and relief of affected areas for allergic skin reactions, muscle strain, inflammation, swelling, etc.
- Both THC and CBD are effective topicals, which reduce inflammation and provide pain relief.
- Topicals do not get you "high", because they do not reach the bloodstream.
- interacting with "local" cannabinoid receptors instead.
- Skin does not absorb cannabinoids very well, so its best to apply topicals very generously.
- Topical forms include: oils, creams, salves and transdermal patches
- oils:
- They do not absorb very well and are messy.
- Creams:
- cannabinoids heated into shea butter and combined with other ingredients.
- Salves (aka ointments):
- cannabinoids heated into coconut oil and combined with beeswax.
- Transdermal patches:
- The only topical CBD products able to penetrate the skin and enter the bloodstream are transdermal CBD patches. Transdermal, by its very definition, means able to cross the dermal barrier to reach the blood. The U.S. Library of Medicine discusses a study, (Hammell et al, 2016), proving the ability to CBD to be efficiently absorbed via transcutaneous methods.
- Rectal administration (suppositories):
- Many people laugh when they hear the phrase "cannabis suppository", but they are no joke.
- Suppositories are a very effective and easy to use delivery system.
- Suppositories work quickly, exerting systemic effects when they enter the rectal mucosa, spreading healing compounds quickly through nearby organs and into the bloodstream.
- Suppository users report a very diminished "high" effect.
Lipocana™Full Spectrum Hemp Extract Oil - Regular Strength (500 mg)
- Regular Strength (500 mg)
- extracted:
- from certified organic buds
- with supercritical liquid CO2
- 1 bottle
- $42.95
- WARNING: Most hemp product manufacturers are cheating you.
- They make false label claims:
-
Most of their products contain hemp oil (from seeds) . . .
NOT full spectrum hemp extract oil (from buds) as they claim. -
Of the few products that do contain full spectrum hemp extract oil . . .
most incorrectly equate the amount of hemp extract as the CBD amount,
(inflating the CBD amount by a factor of two). - Lipocana makes the correct label claim:
- and provides twice as much extract
- so you get what you pay for
Lipocana Supplement Facts: REGULAR STRENGTH
Contains 2 fl oz (59.15 mL)
Serving Size: 1 mL (1 full dropper) (1/5 tsp) Servings per bottle: 60 |
||
Per Servings | % Daily Value | |
---|---|---|
Full Spectrum Hemp Extract Oil
|
16.6 mg | * |
Naturally contains 8.33 mg Phytocannabinoid Diols per serving.
Guaranteed to contain less than .3% THC
Other ingredients: MCT Coconut Oil
Directions: Take 1 full dropper (1 mL) daily, or as directed by your physician
Please Note: One squeeze of the dropper will only fill the dropper half way.
To get a full dropper, you will need to repeat.
Lipocana™Full Spectrum Hemp Extract Oil - Extra Strength (1,500 mg)
- Extra Strength (1,500 mg)
- extracted:
- from certified organic buds
- with supercritical liquid CO2
- 1 bottle
- $99.95
- WARNING: Most hemp product manufacturers are cheating you.
- They make false label claims:
-
Most of their products contain hemp oil (from seeds) . . .
NOT full spectrum hemp extract oil (from buds) as they claim. -
Of the few products that do contain full spectrum hemp extract oil . . .
most incorrectly equate the amount of hemp extract as the CBD amount,
(inflating the CBD amount by a factor of two). - Lipocana makes the correct label claim:
- and provides twice as much extract
- so you get what you pay for
Lipocana Supplement Facts: EXTRA STRENGTH
Contains 2 fl oz (59.15 mL)
Serving Size: 1 mL (1/5 tsp) Servings per bottle: 60 |
||
Per Servings | % Daily Value | |
---|---|---|
Full Spectrum Hemp Extract Oil
|
50 mg | * |
Naturally contains 25 mg Phytocannabinoid Diols per serving.
Guaranteed to contain less than .3% THC
Other ingredients: MCT Coconut Oil
Directions: Take 1 full dropper (1 mL) daily, or as directed by your physician
Please Note: One squeeze of the dropper will only fill the dropper half way.
To get a full dropper, you will need to repeat.
Lipocanna™Full Spectrum Hemp Extract Oil - Clinical Strength (6,000 mg)
- Clinical Strength (6,000 mg)
- extracted:
- from certified organic buds
- with supercritical liquid CO2
- 1 bottle
- $219.95
- WARNING: Most hemp product manufacturers are cheating you.
- They make false label claims:
-
Most of their products contain hemp oil (from seeds) . . .
NOT full spectrum hemp extract oil (from buds) as they claim. -
Of the few products that do contain full spectrum hemp extract oil . . .
most incorrectly equate the amount of hemp extract as the CBD amount,
(inflating the CBD amount by a factor of two). - Lipocanna makes the correct label claim:
- and provides twice as much extract
- so you get what you pay for
Lipocana Supplement Facts: CLINICAL STRENGTH
Contains 2 fl oz (59.15 mL)
Serving Size: 1 mL (1/5 tsp) Servings per bottle: 60 |
||
Per Servings | % Daily Value | |
---|---|---|
Full Spectrum Hemp Extract Oil
|
200 mg | * |
Naturally contains 100 mg Phytocannabinoid Diols per serving.
Guaranteed to contain less than .3% THC
Other ingredients: MCT Coconut Oil
Directions: Take 1 full dropper (1 mL) daily, or as directed by your physician
Please Note: One squeeze of the dropper will only fill the dropper half way.
To get a full dropper, you will need to repeat.
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This information here within is designed to provide accurate information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is provided with the understanding that NHS Global Distributors, Inc. is not engaged in rendering medical advice. If expert assistance is required, the services of a competent medical professional should be sought. These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. These products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease. Always read and follow manufacturer's directions that come with this product.
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